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Small Satellite Orbit, Attitude Control and Determination
Micro-satellites
This list on various methods used on microsatellites for attitude control
and stabilisation, shows an interesting trend from very simple spin and gravity gradient
stabilisation, towards full three axis control and determination over the last decade.
Please refer to the key to the tables if
you are not using frames..
| Satellite |
Launch |
Stabilisation |
Pointing |
Actuators |
Sensors |
Comments |
| OSCAR-1 |
1961 |
None |
|
|
|
|
| OSCAR-2 |
1962 |
None |
|
|
|
|
| OSCAR-3 |
1965 |
None |
|
|
|
|
| OSCAR-4 |
1965 |
Spin |
|
|
|
|
| OSCAR-5 |
1970 |
Spin |
|
PMag, ND |
|
|
| OSCAR-6 |
1972 |
Spin |
|
PMag, ND |
|
|
| OSCAR-7 |
1974 |
Spin |
|
PMag, ND |
|
|
| OSCAR-8 |
1978 |
Spin |
|
PMag, ND |
|
|
| Phase IIIa |
1980 |
Spin |
|
MT |
|
|
| UoSAT-1 |
1980 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3-axis) |
|
| OSCAR-10 |
1983 |
Spin |
|
MT |
|
|
| UoSAT-2 |
1984 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3-axis), HS |
|
| GLOMR |
1985 |
None |
|
None |
None |
|
| FO-12 |
1986 |
Spin |
|
PMag, ND |
|
|
| UoSAT-3 |
1990 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3-axis), Sun |
|
| UoSAT-4 |
1990 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3-axis), HS , Sun |
|
| OSCAR-16 |
1990 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| OSCAR-17 |
1990 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| OSCAR-18 |
1990 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| OSCAR-19 |
1990 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| MACSAT |
1990 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT |
|
|
| BADR-1 |
1990 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3-axis) |
|
| UoSAT-5 |
1991 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag, 2 HS, 2 Sun |
|
| TubSat-1 |
1991 |
Spin |
|
MT |
Mag,3,4, Gy |
|
| SARA |
1991 |
None |
|
|
|
|
| REX |
1991 |
|
Nadir |
GG (6.1m, 2.27kg tip) |
|
3-axis MT |
| LoSAT-X |
1991 |
3-axis |
|
MT
3x RW @1Nms |
Mag, Sun ,ST, Gy |
|
| MicroSat |
1991 |
Spin |
|
MT (2 axis) |
Mag (2-axis), HS |
|
| S80/T |
1992 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
2 Mag (3-axis), 2 HS, 2 Sun |
|
| KitSat-1 |
1992 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
2 Mag (3-axis), 2 HS, 2 Sun |
|
| KitSat-2 |
1993 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
2 Mag (3-axis), 2 HS, 2 Sun |
|
| ItamSat |
1993 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| EyeSat |
1993 |
Spin |
|
PMag |
|
|
| PoSAT-1 |
1993 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
2 Mag (3-axis), HS, 2 Sun (2 axis), StarS |
|
| HealthSat-2 |
1993 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
2 Mag (3-axis), 2 Sun (2 axis) |
|
| TubSat-2 |
1994 |
3-axis |
|
RW |
Sun, StarS, Gy |
|
| BremSat |
1994 |
MB |
|
MT , MW |
Mag, Sun, StarS |
|
| Strv-1a |
1994 |
Spin |
Nadir |
MT ,CG |
Mag , HS, Sun |
|
| Strv-1b |
1994 |
Spin |
Nadir |
MT ,CG |
Mag, HS, Sun |
|
| Astrid |
1995 |
Spin, Inertial |
|
MT , ND, ST |
Mag, Sun |
ST for initial spin up |
| Cerise |
1995 |
Spin |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis) |
Mag (3 axis), Sun (2 axis) |
|
| UPMSAT |
1995 |
Spin |
|
MT |
Mag, Gy |
|
| FASat-Alfa |
1995 |
Spin and MB |
Nadir |
GG, MT (3 axis), RW (yaw) |
2 Mag (3-axis), 2 Sun (2 axis) |
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Attitude control and determination - Minisatellites
Mini-satellites
| Satellite |
Launch |
Stabilisation |
Actuators |
Sensors |
Comments |
| STEP-0 |
1994 |
3-axis |
MT,2 RW,2 MW, 9 MP |
Mag, Sun,2 GY (2-axis), 3 AC |
|
| STEP-2 |
1994 |
3-axis |
MT, 2 RW, 2 MW |
Mag, Sun,2 GY (2-axis), 3 AC |
|
| REX-II |
1996 |
|
GG, MT (MW or RW) |
Mag, 2 GPS |
|
| TOMS |
1996 |
3-axis |
|
|
0.5 deg pitch/roll, 1deg yaw
0.25deg knowledge
all three-sigma |
Attitude control and determination - Mini-satellites
Orbit control
| Satellite |
Launch |
Actuators |
Comments |
| STEP-0 |
1994 |
2xMP |
|
| STEP-2 |
1994 |
|
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Orbit control - Micro and Mini-satellites
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